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Host genetics affect the composition of the lower gut microbiota in dairy cows
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Session 41 : Th 9. International audience. Symbiotic microorganisms are organized into specific ecosystems along the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Inruminants, studies showed a complex crosstalk between the ruminal microbiota and the host: beyond its role in thedigestive process, the microbiota modulates the host phenotype but is also under the influence of the host genome.Concerning the intestinal microbiota, its role on numerous traits, in particular health maintenance, is increasinglydescribed and could make it a key component of a sustainable breeding. However, its genetic control remains elusive.In this context, the present work will aim to perform a comprehensive genetic study of the lower gut microbiota.Faecal samples were collected between 2020 and 2022 from a population of 1930 Holstein cows, reared on 140 Frenchcommercial farms. Microbiota 16S rRNA analyses were performed on the samples and the data were processed toobtain amplicon sequence variant (ASV) tables. Genetic parameters were estimated using animal models for (1) thesamples’ diversity expressed as the Shannon index, and (2) the abundance of the most frequently observed ASVsand genera (with a prevalence threshold of 60%). The 152 ASVs and 87 genera analysed showed low to moderateheritability estimates. Indeed, 32% of ASVs had a heritability between 0.05 and 0.23 (s.e. from 0.04 to 0.10), withan ASV of the Negativibacillus genus being the most heritable taxon. Almost half of the genera had heritabilitiesranging from 0.05 to 0.21 while the Shannon diversity index appeared to be poorly heritable (h2=0.04, s.e.=0.05).Overall, our results demonstrate that the host genetics shapes the composition of the cow faecal microbiota. These firstencouraging results will be complemented to assess the genetic correlations between the microbiota composition andproduction traits, and to identify genomic regions involved in the genetic determinism of the bovine gut microbiotathrough GWAS analyses.
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