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Chemical composition and bioactivity status of Pancratium maritimum (sea lily) subjected to kombucha fermentation
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International audience. Pancratium maritimum L. or sea lily is a bulb perennial plant from Amaryllidaceae family growing wild in the sandy coasts of the Mediterranean regions. Nowadays, P. maritimum is a neglected and endangered species due to coastal urbanization. The present study aims to give a value to P. maritimum using leaves and bulbs as new substrate for kombucha fermentation during 3 weeks. Fermented and unfermented (control) beverages of leaves and bulbs were fractionated using three solvents with increasing polarity: cyclohexane (CYHA), dichloromethane (DCM), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). Obtained organic extracts were evaluated for their chemical composition and biological activities. Total phenolic contents were significantly increased by kombucha fermentation in DCM fractions for both leaves (from 3.5 to 114.2 mg GAE/g of dry residue) and bulbs (from 0 to 34.6 mg GAE/g of dry residue). In addition, fermentation enhanced cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines for n-BuOH extracts of leaves with an IC50 of 8.7 and 21.5 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was improved by fermentation for P. maritimum bulbs reaching 65 and 70% for CYHA and DCM extracts, respectively. However, fermentation lowered the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity for both leaves and bulbs. Hence, kombucha fermentation emerged as a simple and secure process that confers to P. maritimum leaves and bulbs a new bioactive profile suitable for future pharmaceuticals and industrial applications.
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