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Implicit theories of intelligence: A matter of perspectives?. Les théories implicites de l’intelligence : une question de perspectives ?
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Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier Masson -
International audience. Introduction. – Implicit theories of intelligence are beliefs thatpeople form regarding the malleability of intelligence. The so-called“growth” and “fixed” mindsets respectively view intelligence asa characteristic that can or cannot be changed. Psychology, as ascience, also offers diverging responses. The developmental anddifferential traditions in the study of intelligence merely providedifferent answers because they do not focus on the same sources ofvariability nor on the same dimensions of intelligence.Objectives. – The research question that guided the present studieswas: Are people’s naïve theories influenced by the same factorsthat drive developmental and differential psychologists to differentconclusions?Method. – In Study 1, we first assessed participants’ (n = 509)reference norm orientation (i.e. whether they tend to focus on indi-vidual or social comparison), using a task in which they had topredict the school results of an hypothetical child. Then we admi-nistered a French version of Dweck’s (2007) mindset scale. In study2, we first asked participants (n = 530) to choose between two defi-nitions of intelligence focusing either on its fluid or crystalizeddimensions. Then we administered the French Mindset Scale andasked participants to justify their conclusion.Results. – Both variables of interest (reference norm orientation andpreferred definition of intelligence) had a significant effect on theparticipant’s incremental beliefs.Conclusion. – The results of the two studies as well as the qualita-tive analysis of participants’ arguments suggest that mindsets, likescientific theories, partly stem from the fact that the same ques-tion regarding intelligence
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