Alarming Tuberculosis Rate Among People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam
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Trang, Nguyen Thu | Ngoc, Luong Anh | Thuy, Dao Thi Dieu | Nagot, Nicolas | Laureillard, Didier | Visier, Laurent | Giang, Le Minh | Durand, Mélusine | Nhu, Quynh Bach Thi | Vallo, Roselyne | Thuy, Linh Le Thi | Duong, Huong Thi | Thanh, Binh Nguyen | Rapoud, Delphine | Quillet, Catherine | Tran, Hong Thi | Michel, Laurent | Tuyet, Thanh Nham Thi | Hai, Oanh Khuat Thi | Hai, Vinh Vu | Feelemyer, Jonathan | Perre, Philippe Vande | Jarlais, Don Des | Minh, Khue Pham | Molès, Jean-Pierre | Des Jarlais, Don | Arasteh, Kamyar | Huong, Duong Thi | Oanh, Khuat Thi Hai | Khue, Pham Minh | Giang, Hoang Thi | Thanh, Nham Thi Tuyet | Moles, Jean Pierre | Vinh, Vu Hai | Morin, Laurianne | Béhanzin, Luc | Guédou, Fernand | Kêkê, René Kpèmahouton | Bushman, Lane | Anderson, Peter | Gangbo, Flore | Diabaté, Souleymane | Alary, Michel | Chandebois, Laurence | Nogue, Erika | Bouschbacher, Catherine | Durand, Sabine | Masson, Florence | Mesnage, Renaud | Cambonie, Gilles | van de Perre, Philippe | Molès, Jean‐pierre | Tuaillon, Edouard | Ceccaldi, Pierre‐emmanuel | Goga, Ameena | Prendergast, Andrew | Rollins, Nigel | Chamard, Chloé | Huguet, Héléna | Bron, Alain | Creuzot-Garcher, Catherine | Villain, Max | Carrière, Isabelle | Mura, Thibault | Daien, Vincent | Gomez-Martinez, Julien | Foulongne, Vincent | Montès, Brigitte | Cantaloube, Jean-François | Fournier-Wirth, Chantal | Brès, Jean-Charles | Rayssiguier, Romy | Fuchs, Florent | Mousty, Eve | Morau, Estelle | Hlioua, Tarik | Wells, Constance | Musizzano, Yuri | Graf, Christelle | Legoux, Charles | Boulot, Pierre | Dumont, Coralie | Huet, Fabien | Delbaere, Quentin | Aguilhon, Sylvain | Dupasquier, Valentin | Delseny, Delphine | Gervasoni, Richard | Macia, Jean-Christophe | Leclercq, Florence | Jammoul, Nidal | Kahlouche, Sandra | Soltani, Sonia | Cardon, Fanny | Dupuy, Anne-Marie | Cristol, Jean-Paul | Mariano-Goulart, Denis | Akodad, Myriam | Roubille, François | Montoya-Ferrer, Ana | Sanosyan, Armen | Fayd’herbe de Maudave, Alexis | Pisoni, Amandine | Bollore, Karine | Peries, Marianne | Tylleskar, Thorkild | Tumwine, James | Ndeezi, Grace | Gorgolas, Miguel | Singata-Madliki, Mandisa | Cournil, Amandine | Nalugya, Joyce | Tassembedo, Souleymane | Tonga, Melany | Meda, Nicolas | Kankasa, Chipepo | Mwiya, Mwiya | Bangirana, Paul | Batting, Joanne | Engebretsen, Ingunn | Mennecier, Anaïs | Fao, Paulin | Eymard-Duvernay, Sabrina | Kania, Dramane | Chunda-Liyoka, Catherine | Sakana, Leticia | Rutagwera, David | Wilfred-Tonga, Maria Melany | Mosqueira, Beatriz | Devine, Angela | Vahanian, Alice | Sawadogo, Bernard | Zan, Souleymane | Bocoum, Fadima Yaya | Kelly, Helen | Gilham, Clare | Ong, Jason | Legood, Rosa | Miners, Alec | Mayaud, Philippe | Lasocki, Sigismond | Asfar, Pierre | Jaber, Samir | Ferrandiere, Martine | Kerforne, Thomas | Asehnoune, Karim | Montravers, Philippe | Seguin, Philippe | Peoc’h, Katell | Gergaud, Soizic | Lefebvre, Thibaud | Lehmann, Sylvain | Beloncle, François | Mercat, Alain | Gaillard, Thomas | Leger, Maxime | Rineau, Emmanuel | Sargentini, Cyril | Geneve, Claire | Puy, Herve | Mercier, Grégoire | Marin, Gregory | Delaby, Constance | Hirtz, Christophe | Chanques, Gerald | Roquilly, Antoine | Boisson, Matthieu | Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire | Mimoz, Olivier | Isslame, Sonia | Launey, Yoann | Barbaz, Mathilde | Le, Sao Mai | Monnin, Audrey | Vizeneux, Amélie | Tumwine, James Kashugyera | Chikandiwa, Admire | Michelow, Pamela | Lompo, Olga Goumbri | Omar, Tanvier | Magooa, Precious | Segondy, Michel | Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead | Dong, Thuy Thi Thu | Hoang, Giang Thi | Nham, Thanh Tuyet Thi | Castellani, Joëlle | Nguyen, Lan Phuong | van Le, Hoi | Nguyen, Nhung Viet | Vo, Luan Nguyen Quang
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CCSD ; Oxford University Press -
International audience.
Abstract Background The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. Methods We implemented a cross-sectional survey among 2 community-based cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest x-ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert MTB/RIF test. Results A total of 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N = 451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–4.5) and 2.1% (95% CI, 0.8–4.2) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people, respectively. Living as a couple, arrest over the past 6 months, homelessness, and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. Conclusions In the context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.
