Anticancer Chemotherapy-Induced Intratumoral Recruitment and Differentiation of Antigen-Presenting Cells

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Ma, Yuting | Adjemian, Sandy | Mattarollo, Stephen, R | Yamazaki, Takahiro | Aymeric, Laetitia | Yang, Heng | Portela catani, João, Paulo | Hannani, Dalil | Duret, Hélène | Steegh, Kim | Martins, Isabelle | Schlemmer, Frederic | Michaud, Mickaël | Kepp, Oliver | Sukkurwala, Abdul, Qader | Menger, Laurie | Vacchelli, Erika | Droin, Nathalie | Galluzzi, Lorenzo | Krzysiek, Roman | Gordon, Siamon | Taylor, Philip, R | Van endert, Peter | Solary, Eric | Smyth, Mark, J | Zitvogel, Laurence | Kroemer, Guido

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier -

International audience. The therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines relies on antitumor immune responses elicited by dying cancer cells. How chemotherapy-induced cell death leads to efficient antigen presentation to T cells, however, remains a conundrum. We found that intra-tumoral CD11c + CD11b + Ly6C hi cells, which displayed some characteristics of inflammatory dendritic cells and included granulomonocytic precursors, were crucial for anthracycline-induced anticancer immune responses. ATP released by dying cancer cells recruited myeloid cells into tumors and stimulated the local differentiation of CD11c + CD11b + Ly6C hi cells. Such cells efficiently engulfed tumor antigens in situ and presented them to T lymphocytes, thus vaccinating mice, upon adoptive transfer, against a challenge with cancer cells. Manipulations preventing tumor infiltration by CD11c + CD11b + Ly6C hi cells, such as the local overexpression of ectonu-cleotidases, the blockade of purinergic receptors, or the neutralization of CD11b, abolished the immune system-dependent antitumor activity of anthracyclines. Our results identify a subset of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes as therapy-relevant antigen-presenting cells.

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