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Marine toxin C17-SAMT causes major structural damage to vital organs in mice following subchronic toxicity trials
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International audience. C17-sphinganine analog mycotoxin (C17-SAMT) has been characterized as the contaminant responsible for theatypical toxicity reported in mussels from the Bizerte lagoon (northern Tunisia) over the past decade. C17-SAMTexhibited common symptoms of toxicity in mice, including flaccid paralysis and severe respiratory distress,followed by rapid death. To determine the potential health risks of this neurotoxin, we assessed its subchronictoxicity according to the recommendations of OCDE n◦407. The body weight and the structural changes of vitalorgans were recorded. Biochemical and hematological parameters were also quantified. Macroscopic observationsshowed that mice treated with 0.9, 9, and 90 µg/kg C17-SAMT had significantly reduced stomach weights,swollen and fragile intestines, and signs of nephritis with renal abscesses. Transaminase assays pointed out thatexposure to C17-SAMT can lead to transaminitis. Above-average lactate dehydrogenase values were recorded inboth the treated and satellite groups. Hematology data showed a significant reduction in red blood cell counts inhigh-dose-treated group. Reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit were also recorded. Mean leukocyte countswere significantly elevated in the high-, mid-dose treated and satellite groups. At the microscopic level, we notedmyocardial atrophy and hyperemia. In the lungs, we noted necrosis associated with macrophages perivascularinfiltration and congestion. The kidneys showed mild inflammation and glomerular atrophy. The stomachexhibited mucosal atrophy, while a thin colon and distended small intestine were observed in high-dose-treatedgroup. The liver was affected by vascular congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and lobular necrosis that evolvedinto acute hepatitis. Lesions, such as inflammatory infiltration and mild necrosis of the liver, cortical abscess withcentral necrosis in the kidney, and mild congestion of cardiac tissue were recorded in the satellite group.
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