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Intranasal Exposure to Rift Valley Fever Virus Live-Attenuated Strains Leads to High Mortality Rate in Immunocompetent Mice
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We acknowledge the contribution of the BSL3 of SFR BioSciences Gerland Lyon Sud (UMS3444/US8). We thank the C2RA Animal Facility staff and the Histology Platform of the Institut Pasteur, particularly Magali Tichit and David Hardy. We thank Benjamin Brennan (MRC- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK) and Odile Boespflug-Tanguy (AP-HP, National Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Paris, France) for, respectively, providing us with anti-N RVFV antibody and Human embryonic fibroblasts.. International audience. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogenic arthropod-borne virus that can cause serious illness in both ruminants and humans. The virus can be transmitted by an arthropod bite or contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. Two live-attenuated veterinary vaccines—the Smithburn (SB) and Clone 13 (Cl.13)—are currently used during epizootic events in Africa. However, their residual pathogenicity (i.e., SB) or potential of reversion (i.e., Cl.13) causes important adverse effects, strongly limiting their use in the field. In this study, we infected immunocompetent mice with SB or Cl.13 by a subcutaneous or an intranasal inoculation. Interestingly, we found that, unlike the subcutaneous infection, the intranasal inoculation led to a high mortality rate. In addition, we detected high titers and viral N antigen levels in the brain of both the SB- and Cl.13-infected mice. Overall, we unveil a clear correlation between the pathogenicity and the route of administration of both SB and Cl.13, with the intranasal inoculation leading to a stronger neurovirulence and higher mortality rate than the subcutaneous infection.
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