RESCUE OF CACAO GENETIC RESOURCES RELATED TO THE NACIONAL VARIETY: SURVEYS IN THE ECUADORIAN AMAZON. RESCATE DE LOS RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DEL CACAO RELACIONADOS CON LA VARIEDAD NACIONAL: EXPLORACIÓN EN LA AMAZONÍA ECUATORIANA (2010-2013)

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Rey, Gastón | Lachenaud, Philippe | Fouet, Olivier | Argout, Xavier | Peña, Geover | Castro Macias, José | Amores, Freddy Marcelo | Lanaud, Claire | Valdez, Francisco | Hurtado, Julio

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Traditional cocoa plantations in Ecuador are mostly composed of a complex mix of highly variable hybrid progenies, which has greatly reduced the population of native trees of the " Nacional " variety, to such a point that they are considered today as heading for extinction, which is increasingly worrying the international chocolate industry. Some years ago, we used genetic molecular markers to identify trees considered to be relics of the ancient original population of the " Nacional " variety, and some wild cocoa trees in a particular region of the southern Ecuadorian Amazon were identified as highly related to the " Nacional " variety. This paper presents the results of two surveys carried out in the southern Ecuadorian Amazon, in the Zamora-Chinchipe Province, in 2010 and 2013. The objective of these surveys was to search for, identify and rescue cocoa trees that might be the wild ancestors of the " Nacional " variety. In 2010, 83 mother trees were collected (budwood, pods and leaves) and 48 in 2013. They were preserved at the Granja Domono experimental farm, near Macas (Morona-Santiago province) and at the Tropical Experimental station Pichilingue, near Quevedo. The trees collected are currently being characterized for their genetic diversity, using molecular markers, and for the biochemical diversity of their beans. . Las plantaciones tradicionales de cacao están compuestas en su mayoría de una mezcla compleja de progenies híbridas con un alto gradode variabilidad, lo que ha reducido las poblaciones de árboles nativos de la variedad “Nacional”, a tal magnitud que ahora se consideranen vía de extinción, lo que preocupa a la industria chocolatera mundial. Hace algunos años, se utilizaron marcadores genéticos molecularespara identificar árboles considerados como reliquias de la población original antigua de la variedad “Nacional”, y algunos árbolessilvestres de cacao de una región particular del sur de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana fueron identificados como altamente relacionados conla variedad “Nacional”. Este artículo presenta los resultados de dos exploraciones realizadas en el sur de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, en laprovincia Zamora-Chinchipe, en los años 2010 y 2013. El objetivo de estas exploraciones fue buscar, identificar y rescatar los árboles decacao que pudieran ser los ancestros silvestres de la variedad “Nacional”. En el 2010, 83 árboles madres fueron recolectados (yemas, mazorcasy hojas) y 48 en el 2013. Las muestras fueron preservadas en la granja experimental Granja Domono, cerca de Macas (Provinciade Morona Santiago) y en la Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, cerca de Quevedo. En la actualidad, los árboles recolectadosestán siendo caracterizados en su diversidad genética mediante la utilización de marcadores moleculares y también están siendo caracterizadosen cuanto a la diversidad bioquímica de sus granos.

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