Patient-derived lymphoma spheroids integrating immune tumor microenvironment as preclinical follicular lymphoma models for personalized medicine

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Faria, Carla | Gava, Fabien | Gravelle, Pauline | Valero, Juan, Garcia | Dobaño-López, Celia | van Acker, Nathalie | Quelen, Cathy | Jalowicki, Gael | Morin, Renaud | Rossi, Cédric | Lagarde, Jean-Michel | Fournié, Jean-Jacques | Ysebaert, Loïc | Laurent, Camille | Pérez-Galán, Patricia | Bezombes, Christine

Edité par CCSD ; BMJ Publishing Group -

International audience.

Background Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, is a heterogeneous disease and a paradigm of the contribution of immune tumor microenvironment to disease onset, progression, and therapy resistance. Patient-derived models are scarce and fail to reproduce immune phenotypes and therapeutic responses. Methods To capture disease heterogeneity and microenvironment cues, we developed a patient-derived lymphoma spheroid (FL-PDLS) model culturing FL cells from lymph nodes (LN) with an optimized cytokine cocktail that mimics LN stimuli and maintains tumor cell viability. Results FL-PDLS, mainly composed of tumor B cells (60% on average) and autologous T cells (13% CD4 and 3% CD8 on average, respectively), rapidly organizes into patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) structures of three different morphotypes according to 3D imaging analysis. RNAseq analysis indicates that FL-PDLS reproduces FL hallmarks with the overexpression of cell cycle, BCR, or mTOR signaling related gene sets. FL-PDLS also recapitulates the exhausted immune phenotype typical of FL-LN, including expression of BTLA, TIGIT, PD-1, TIM-3, CD39 and CD73 on CD3 + T cells. These features render FL-PDLS an amenable system for immunotherapy testing. With this aim, we demonstrate that the combination of obinutuzumab (anti-CD20) and nivolumab (anti-PD1) reduces tumor load in a significant proportion of FL-PDLS. Interestingly, B cell depletion inversely correlates with the percentage of CD8 + cells positive for PD-1 and TIM-3. Conclusions In summary, FL-PDLS is a robust patientderived 3D system that can be used as a tool to mimic FL pathology and to test novel immunotherapeutic approaches in a context of personalized medicine.

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