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Matrice cartilagineuse et arthrose : retour aux sources des sucres
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Number: 3. International audience. The extracellular matrix has long been considered as a “simple” tissue supporting cells, producing tension forces allowing their adhesion and protecting them against mechanical stress, particularly in cartilage. However, a large number of matrix components undergo very dynamic structural modifications, significantly impacting the properties they confer to the environment but also to cells. This is the case for glycosaminoglycans, linear sulfated and complex polysaccharides, present in all matrices, but particularly enriched in cartilage, in the form of chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronic acid. Osteoarthritis is still mainly identified as a degenerative pathology of the cartilaginous matrix linked to the wear and tear of age. But other phenotypes are now characterized and provide a better understanding of the complex pathophysiological processes of this pathology which affect all joint tissues. Current treatments aimed at making up for deficiencies in matrix compounds or blocking the catabolic activities of chondrocytes, but no longer appear sufficient to repair cartilage. In this context, we will return to the “glycanic” source of the cartilaginous matrix. and the role of these complex sugars in the pathophysiological processes of osteoarthritis, to identify new avenues of research and future therapeutic products.
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