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Force-Velocity Profile : gender effect
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Edité par CCSD -
International audience. Introduction: The ability to produce high mechanical power during sprint acceleration is one of the major determinants of physical performance. Horizontal “profiling” provides information on the specific sprint acceleration movement and the underlying physical or technical characteristics that limit the performance of each individual. This Power-Force-Velocity profiling approach is based on Force-Velocity (F-V) and Power-Velocity (P-V) relationships [1]. The slope of the F-V relationship determines the F-V mechanical profile (Sfv). The comparison of these mechanical parameters of the F-V profile and sprint performance between men and women has, however, attracted little attention. Most studies of gender differences have failed to apply a scaling ratio when reporting data. The confounding effect of body dimensions between men and women is therefore not considered. For the mechanical variables of the F-V profile in sprinting, allometric models have often been applied to body mass (BM) and not to fat-free mass (FFM) or FFM of the lower limb (FFMLL) [2]. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender on the F-V mechanical profile in sprinting in males and females using allometric models applied to mechanical parameters.Methods: Fourteen men (72.14 ± 7.8 kg ; 180 ± 6.3 cm) and fourteen women (62.09 ± 6.4 kg ; 167.1 ± 6.7 cm) sports science students participated in this study. Raw speed-time data for 3 maximal 35m sprints (standing start) were measured with a radar (Stalker ATS II) at 46,875 Hz. Sprint performance and mechanical parameters of the F-V relationship were calculated from the simple modelling of the velocity-time curve [3]. The technical ability of force application (DRF) was determined over the entire acceleration phase via the linear relationship between the effective mechanical force (RF) and displacement speed. FFM and FFMLL were also calculated using skinfold thickness and the truncated cone method. To analyse the gender effect, a Mann-Whitney test was used. Allometric models were applied by scaling mechanical parameters (Pmax, F0 et V0) to BM, FFM and FFMLL.Results: Sprint performance was significantly better for men than for women (5.28 ± 0.28 s vs 6.29 ± 0.56 s , P<0.001). Absolute Pmax, F0 and V0 were significantly higher for men than for women (1336.25 ± 239.16 W vs 838.27 ± 154.41 W ; 641.75 ± 88.64 N vs 499.73 ± 67.88 N ; 8.29 ± 0.51 m/s vs 6.70 ± 0.74 m/s respectively ; P<0.001). When scaling to BM, FFM and FFMLL, significant differences between men and women disappeared for F0. For Pmax and V0, there were no further differences when the values were scaled to FFM and FFMLL, using allometric models. For the parameters of force application and direction, maximal RF value (RFmax) was significantly higher and DRF significantly lower for men (53.90 ± 2.37 % vs 48.56 ± 3.44 % ; -9.66 ± 0.98 %.s/m vs -11.23 ± 1.06 %.s/m respectively ; P<0.001).Discussion: After applying allometric models, the differences in the F-V profile between men and women were explained by body dimensions. As sprint performance was better in men, other qualitative and technical parameters may explain sprint performance. Men were able to direct more force in the horizontal direction (higher RFmax) and their decrease in RFmax with increasing speed was considerably lower (less negative DRF) [4].Conclusion: There were no significant differences for Pmax, F0 and V0 once the allometric model was applied by scaling mechanical parameters to FFM and FFMLL. Nevertheless, men performed better due to greater technical abilities.References: [1]Morin et Samozino, 2016. doi : 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638[2]Mirkov et al., 2020. doi : 10.3390/ijerph17186447[3]Samozino et al., 2016. doi : 10.1111/sms.12490[4]Morin et al., 2011. doi : 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318216ea37
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