Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation
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Tzanetakis, I., E. | Aknadibossian, V. | Špak, J. | Constable, F. | Harper, S., J. | Hammond, J. | Candresse, T, T | Folimonova, S., Y. | Freitas-Astúa, J. | Fuchs, M. | Jelkmann, W. | Maliogka, V., I. | Marais, A, A | Martin, R., R. | Mollov, D. | Vidalakis, G. | Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N. | Al Rwahnih, M. | Alabi, O., J. | Alioto, D. | Atanda, H., Y. | Bagi, F. | Baranwal, V., K. | Barbosa, C. | Bar-Joseph, M. | Batista Le Riverend, L. | Belien, T. | Benítez-Galeano, M., J. | Bennypaul, H. | Bertaccini, A. | Bester, R. | Blouin, A., G. | Blystad, D.-R. | Botermans, M. | Bozan, O. | Brakta, A. | Brans, Y. | Bulajić, A. | Caglayan, K. | Catara, A. | Choueiri, E. | Cieślińska, M. | Cook, G. | Cui, W. | da Graça, J. | Davino, S. | Delmiglio, C. | Dewdney, M., M. | Di Serio, F. | Diaz-Lara, A. | Digiaro, M. | Djelouah, K. | Dong, Y., F. | Donovan, N. | Druciarek, T., Z. | Duran-Vila, N. | Elçi, E. | Esquivel-Fariña, A. | Fall, M., L. | Fan, X., D. | Figueroa, J. | Fiore, N. | Fowkes, A., R. | Fox, A. | Fránová, J. | Fuchs, R. | Gaafar, Y., Z. A. | García, M., L. | Ghosh, D. | Girardi, E. | Glasa, M. | Gomez Talquenca, S. | Gratz, A. | Gritsenko, D. | Hajeri, S. | Hajizadeh, M. | Hamborg, Z. | Ho, T. | Holeva, M. | Holkar, S., K. | Horner, M. | Hurtado-Gonzales, O., P. | Ippolito, A. | Isac, V. | Iwanami, T. | Jofre y Garfias, A., E. | Jordan, R. | Katis, N. | Koloniuk, I. | Konings, H. | Križanac, I. | Krueger, R. | Kyrychenko, A. | Laranjeira, F. | Lavagi-Craddock, I. | Levy, A. | Licciardello, G. | Lu, Q.-Y. | Mac Farlane, S., A. | Marcone, C. | Maree, H., J. | Margaria, P. | Martić, A. | Massart, S. | Mathioudakis, M., M. | Matić, S. | Mavric Plesko, I. | Meekes, E., T. M. | Mehle, N. | Melzer, M., J. | Meng, B. | Menzel, W. | Miljanić, V. | Minafra, A. | Minutolo, M. | Mitra, A. | Moreno, P. | Navarro, L. | Navarro, B. | Nerva, L. | Okić, A. | Olmos, A. | Önelge, N. | Osundahunsi, B. | Palacios, M., F. | Pallas, V | Panno, S. | Perez-Egusquiza, Z. | Poudel-Ward, B. | Radišek, S. | Ramos-González, P., L. | Ramteke, P. | Ranabhat, N., B. | Rivarez, M., P. S. | Rivas, F. | Roenhorst, A. | Roy, A. | Ruiz-García, A., B. | Sabanadzovic, S. | Šafářová, D. | Saldarelli, P. | Salem, N. | Sanahuja Solsona, G. | Schoen, R. | Sharma, S., K. | Shilts, T. | Sierra-Mejia, A. | Singh, S. | Skelton, A. | Škorić, D. | Stainton, D. | Štajner, N. | Starović, M. | Stuchi, E. | Svoboda, P. | Tahzima, R. | Tang, J. | Tessitori, M. | Thermoz, J-P | Thompson, E. | Thompson, J. | Trebicki, P. | Turina, M. | Ulubas Serce, C. | Umble, J. | Valiunas, D. | Varallyay, E. | Varma, A. | Varveri, C. | Vásquez-Gutiérrez, U. | Vazquez-Iglesias, I. | Veerakone, S. | Villamor, D., E. | Vives, M., C. | Vončina, D. | Wang, J. | Westenberg, M. | Wetzel, T. | Winter, S. | Wright, G. | Wulff, N., A. | Xu, W., X. | Yokomi, R. | Zhou, C. | Zikeli, K. | Zindović, J.
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CCSD ; American Phytopathological Society -
For an extensive literature review dating back to 1913 and a research summary of the past 20 years concerning 55 suspected citrus phantom disorders, please refer to the article by Aknadibossian et al. (2023) - https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-7741.. International audience.
This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"-putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible. After reviewing over 120 such agents across 10 key plant genera, we recommend their removal from regulatory lists and call for revised standards aligned with phytomodern diagnostics. This effort seeks to streamline germplasm exchange, benefiting global agriculture by removing the constraints imposed by phantoms.
