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The evolution of mycorrhizal associations
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Edité par CCSD -
International audience. Mycorrhizal symbioses are critical players of most extant ecosystems. Among these interactions, the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) has long been thought to be the most ancient, having possibly evolved with the first land plants. Although supported by exquisite fossils discovered in the Rhynie chert, this hypothesis remained open for decades due to the lack of proper phylogenomic approaches and genetic models. With the sequencing of multiple plant genomes and the development of molecular tools in the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea and sister species, was have been able to validate this hypothesis by studying the conservation of the symbiotic transfer of lipids across land plants. Using the same genetic system, we have now tested the conservation of other symbiotic processes, from the production of strigolactones to downstream signalling event, and discovered highly conserved as well as divergent pathways for AMS in plants.Following the evolution of AMS, other type of mycorrhizal endosymbiosis evolved together with the diversification of land plants, possibly building on a common signalling pathway. As for AMS, we predict that the combination of phylogenomics and reverse genetics in diverse plant species will allow reconstructing the molecular paths taken by these lineages to evolve novel types of mycorrhizal symbioses.
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