Recurrences and consequences of polyploidy events on gene evolution in angiosperms: Comparative analysis of 80 genomes

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Siguret, Clea | Salse, Jérôme

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Polyploidy is the inherited condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes resulting from whole genome duplication. Polyploidization is quite common in the plant kingdom (~50% of current flowering plants are polyploid) and is associated with the origin of new species: it plays a fundamental role in plant evolution. Indeed, it is considered as a major factor of speciation, diversification and ecological adaptation of plants. But what are the genes and functions and more particularly the plant processes that are most impacted by polyploidy?The research project aims to understand the evolution and conservation of flowering plant genomes (angiosperms) by comparing the genomes of 80 species. A study of the genes conserved between these species has revealed a method for calibrating these angiosperms according to the age of their polyploidization events. In addition, this is supplemented by knowledge of the function of genes that have been conserved in single copy or multiple copy from comparative functional annotation analysis. Finally, we know that polyploidization makes it possible to gain genes, but we also know that when these species return to a diploid state during their evolution, genes are lost due to the diploidization of these genomes. A quantification of these genes is possible and knowing the function of these genes gained or lost after polyploidization will make it possible to learn more about the genomic mechanisms at the origin of the adaptive success of angiosperms over nearly 250 million years of evolution.

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