Association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and handgrip strength change in the French CONSTANCES cohort

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Burte, Emilie | Zare Sakhvidi, Mohammad Javad | Lafontaine, Antoine | Lequy, Emeline | Artaud, Fanny | Berr, Claudine | Canonico, Marianne | Elbaz, Alexis | de Hoogh, Kees | Vienneau, Danielle | Goldberg, Marcel | Zins, Marie | Jacquemin, Bénédicte

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International audience. Background and aim Literature is scarce regarding the effect of exposure to outdoor air pollution on frailty. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to assess the association between long-term air pollution exposure and handgrip muscle strength (HGS) change, a marker of frailty. Methods Data from the 45-69 years-old population of the French CONSTANCES cohort with two HGS measurements were used. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC), and NO2 were estimated using 2010 land-use regression models at the residential addresses of the participants at enrolment (2014-2016). Absolute change in maximum HGS (HGSmax) between enrolment and follow-up (around 4.5yrs after) was used as the outcome and decline was defined as a negative absolute change in HGSmax. Sex-stratified multilevel adjusted (including length of follow-up) linear regressions with the center of recruitment as a random effect and sandwich robust error were used (reported as adjusted β, and 95% confidence interval [CI] for an interquartile range increase in exposure). Results Among the 4655 included participants, 50% (N=2331) were women, mean age was 57 years old, and 54% had a high educational level. Average HGSmax at baseline was higher among men than women (45.1 vs 27.6 kg). Around 60% had a decline in HGSmax between the two measurements and decline was higher in men (median[Q1;Q3]=-2[-5;2]) than in women (-1[-3.5;1]). Preliminary results showed that exposure to BC was associated with HGS decline in women (β[95%CI]: -0.33[-0.62;-0.05]), but not in men (-0.17[-0.60;0.25]). Further adjusting on urbanity led to similar effect sizes, but results among women were no longer statistically significant. Results for PM2.5 and NO2 were similar to the ones for BC. Conclusions Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with HGS decline in women, with urbanity as a possible confounding factor. Keywords Handgrip strength, aging, air pollution, particulate matter, frailty

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