Surrounding greenness and mental health: Findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort

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Bitar, Zeinab | Lequy, Emeline | Lemogne, Cèdric | de Hoogh, Kees | Goldberg, Marcel | Lafontaine, Antoine | Vienneau, Danielle | Zare Sakhvidi, Mohammad Javad | Zins, Marie | Pignon, Baptiste | Burte, Emilie | Jacquemin, Bénédicte

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Abstract: Introduction Exposure to surrounding greenness has been associated with improved mental health, but most of the studies have focused on urban areas. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association between greenness and mental health according to degree of urbanity in a large French national sample. Methods 117,685 participants with available data from the 2019 follow-up questionnaires of the French CONSTANCES cohort were included. Mental health was assessed using the General Health questionnaire (GHQ-12) continuous score. Surrounding greenness data were estimated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), in buffers of 100m and 300m around each participant’s residential address in 2019. Negative binomial regression models, adjusted on age, sex, education, season (hot season: spring/summer and cold season: fall/winter), health center of inclusion and fDep, were performed to assess the association between GHQ-12 and NDVI, separately for each degree of urbanity (rural, peri-urban (i.e., suburban and isolated areas), urban and Paris) and each buffer. Stratified analyses by age (18-45,45-60 and 60+), sex, and season were performed. Results An increase of 0.1 in 300m-NDVI exposure was associated with a better mental health in urban areas (IRR=0·81;95% CI: 0·69 – 0·95) and peri-urban areas (IRR=0·84;95% CI: 0·72 – 0·98). No associations were found in rural areas and Paris. Similar results were found when considering 100m-NDVI exposure. No systematic effect modifiers were found, but some stronger associations during summer/spring season, elderly and men in urban and peri-urban areas respectively Discussion Proximity to surrounding greenness was associated with better mental health in urban areas but not in rural areas, probably related to the differences in type and uses of greenspaces in different degrees of urbanity. Our results contribute to the emerging evidence to implement surrounding greenness guidelines adapted according to each urbanity degree.

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