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Effects of propulsion modes (arm versus leg cranking) and class groups on cardiovascular responses in paracyling athletes carrying out a cardiopulmonary exercise test
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Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier/French Society of Cardiology -
International audience. IntroductionCyclists with physical impairments either compete on bicycles for those who are able to use a standard bicycle (C) or handbike for paraplegic and tetraplegic athletes (H). The number (1 to 5) after the letter (C or H) indicates the level of functional limitation: lower was the number, higher was the restrictions in both upper and/or lower limbs. Previous findings suggested a reduced exercise tolerance in cycle activities among amputee and neurological subjects compared to healthy counterparts. However, difference in physiological and residual muscle strength between class groups requires detailed biomechanical and physiological investigations in order to measure precisely the impact of disability on cycling performance.ObjectiveTo compare the cardiorespiratory responses to CPET of elite paracyclists according their propulsion mode (arm versus leg cranking) and class groups.MethodTwenty male paracyclists fairly distributed among C3 to C5 and H2 to H4 (n = 4 for each class group) and 4 trained healthy cyclists (GC) performed a CPET on their own bike (handbike or bicycle) placed in Cyclus II ergometer (RBM elektronik-automation GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). Expired gases were collected breath-by-breath and stroke volume was predicted from oxygen pulse (O2-pulse). Outcome measures included maximal values of oxygen uptake (VO2max), heart rate, Anth and respiratory compensation point (RCP). A significant value of difference between all groups was assessed at P < 0.05. The effect size (ES) was estimated according to the h2 value.ResultsAs shown in Table 1, propulsion mode had a significant effect on biomechanical and physiological values measured at the highest level and Anth. No significant differences were observed between all groups for RCP. The O2-pulse value associated with Anth was not significant different to the maximal O2-pulse value for all groups, except to C3 cyclists whose O2-pulse at Anth was lower compared to maximal value. The O2-pulse of these athletes reached its maximal value near RCP intensity.ConclusionPerformance in CPET was lower during arm cranking compared to leg cycling. Based on O2-pulse value, our results showed a significant effect on impairment on hemodynamic responses. It would be insightful to explore stroke volume in order to identify the respective part of muscular and cardiorespiratory functions in exercise exhaustion.
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