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Good Health: Recognition and Prevention of Disease and Pain in Dromedary Camels
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Edité par CCSD ; Springer International Publishing -
International audience. Good health is one welfare principle. However, minor species such as camels continue to be generally disregarded for prevention and clinical management of disease, injury and pain. Hence, detrimental effects on camel health, production and welfare emerge when diseases, injuries and noxious stimuli cannot be properly managed. Such negative repercussions are susceptible to becoming increasingly patent in a contemporaneous scenario in which dromedary camels are being translated from traditional extensive to more intensive production regimes. Notwithstanding, the relatively high presence of camels in extensive nomadic systems that practice ancient husbandry and medicine has also many impediments that prejudice the basic principles of animal welfare assurance. Hence, the present chapter aims to provide an overview of the most common injuries and diseases compromising dromedary camel health, welfare and productivity to serve as a practical guide for owners, researchers and stakeholders in this field. Concerning pain assessment, given the fact that no sensitive scales do exist for pain recognition and scoring in camels through physiological and behavioural responses, a camel composite pain scale was developed based on the literature. Additionally, a theoretical body on risk factors for poor health, the animal-dependent variables potentially modulating camel reactivity to pain/discomfort and the limitations of traditional farming and medicine for good health promotion are presented. To sum up, a list of recommendations on how to enhance physical and psychological health in dromedary camels is derived from the outlined content.
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