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High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
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Edité par CCSD ; Nature Publishing Group -
Also written with The PhyloAlps Consortium : Sébastien Lavergne, Eric Coissac, Charles Pouchon, Cristina Roquet, Wilfried Thuiller, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Adriana Alberti, Patrick Wincker, Martí Boleda, Frédéric Boyer, Anthony Hombiat, Christophe Perrier, Rolland Douzet, Jean-Gabriel Valay, Serge Aubert, France Denoeud, Bruno Bzeznick, Ludovic Gielly, Pierre Taberlet, Delphine Rioux, Céline Orvain, Maxime Rome, Rafael O. Wüest, Sonia Latzin, John Spillmann, Linda Feichtinger, Jérémie Van Es, Luc Garraud, Jean-Charles Villaret, Sylvain Abdulhak, Véronique Bonnet, Stéphanie Huc, Noémie Fort, Thomas Legland, Thomas Sanz, Gilles Pache, Alexis Mikolajczak, Virgile Noble, Henri Michaud, Benoît Offerhaus, Cédric Dentant, Pierre Salomez, Richard Bonet, Thierry Delahaye, Marie-France Leccia, Monique Perfus, Stefan Eggenberg, Adrian Möhl, Bogdan-Iuliu Hurdu, Paul-Marian Szatmari, Mihai Pușcaș, Jan Smyčka, Patrik Mráz, Kristýna Šemberová, Michał Ronikier & Marek Slovák. International audience. The European Alps are highly rich in species, but their future may be threatened by ongoing changes in human land use and climate. Here, we reconstructed vegetation, temperature, human impact and livestock over the past ~12,000 years from Lake Sulsseewli, based on sedimentary ancient plant and mammal DNA, pollen, spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal. We assembled a highly-complete local DNA reference library (PhyloAlps, 3923 plant taxa), and used this to obtain an exceptionally rich sed aDNA record of 366 plant taxa. Vegetation mainly responded to climate during the early Holocene, while human activity had an additional influence on vegetation from 6 ka onwards. Land-use shifted from episodic grazing during the Neolithic and Bronze Age to agropastoralism in the Middle Ages. Associated human deforestation allowed the coexistence of plant species typically found at different elevational belts, leading to levels of plant richness that characterise the current high diversity of this region. Our findings indicate a positive association between low intensity agropastoral activities and precipitation with the maintenance of the unique subalpine and alpine plant diversity of the European Alps.
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