A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

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Lazarus, Jeffrey | Romero, Diana | Kopka, Christopher | Karim, Salim Abdool | Abu-Raddad, Laith | Almeida, Gisele | Baptista-Leite, Ricardo | Barocas, Joshua | Barreto, Mauricio | Bar-Yam, Yaneer | Bassat, Quique | Batista, Carolina | Bazilian, Morgan | Chiou, Shu-Ti | del Rio, Carlos | Dore, Gregory | Gao, George | Gostin, Lawrence | Hellard, Margaret | Jimenez, Jose | Kang, Gagandeep | Lee, Nancy | Matičič, Mojca | Mckee, Martin | Nsanzimana, Sabin | Oliu-Barton, Miquel | Pradelski, Bary | Pyzik, Oksana | Rabin, Kenneth | Raina, Sunil | Rashid, Sabina Faiz | Rathe, Magdalena | Saenz, Rocio | Singh, Sudhvir | Trock-Hempler, Malene | Villapol, Sonia | Yap, Peiling | Binagwaho, Agnes | Kamarulzaman, Adeeba | El-Mohandes, Ayman | Abdulla, Salim | Addleman, Sarah | Aghayeva, Gulnara | Agius, Raymond | Ahmed, Mohammed | Ramy, Mohamed Ahmed | Aide, Pedro | Aleman, Soo | Alfred, Jean-Patrick | Ali, Shamim | Aliaga, Jorge | Aloudat, Tammam | Alqahtani, Saleh | Al-Salman, Jameela | Amuasi, John | Agrawal, Anurag | Anwar, Wagida | Araujo-Jorge, Tania | Artaza, Osvaldo | Asadi, Leyla | Awuku, Yaw | Baker, Michael | Barberia, Lorena | Bascolo, Ernesto | Belcher, Paul | Bell, Lizett | Benzaken, Adele | Bergholtz, Emil | Bhadelia, Nahid | Bhan, Anant | Bilodeau, Stephane | Bitrán, Ricardo | Bluyssen, Philomena | Bosman, Arnold | Bozza, Fernando | Brinkmann, Melanie | Brown, Andrew | Mellado, Bruce | Bukusi, Elizabeth | Bullen, Chris | Buonanno, Giorgio | Burgess, Rochelle | Butler, Matthew | Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline | Cabieses, Baltica | Carlsson, Gunilla | Cascini, Fidelia | Chabala, Chishala | Chakroun, Mohamed | Cheng, K. | Chetty, Agnes | Chumachenko, Dmytro | Consalves, Gregg | Conway Morris, Andrew | Cordie, Ahmed | Corrah, Tumani | Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda | Dashdorj, Naranjargal | Davidovitch, Nadav | de Souza, Luis Eugenio | Dhariwal, Akshay Chand | Druică, Elena | Ergonul, Onder | Erondu, Ngozi | Essar, Mohammad Yasir | Ewing, Andrew | Fanjul, Gonzalo | Feierstein, Daniel | Feigl-Ding, Eric | Figueroa, Ramon | Figueroa, John Peter | Fisher, Dale | Flores, Walter | Forero-Peña, David | Frumkin, Howard | Gamkrelidze, Amiran | Gandhi, Monica | Garcia, Patricia | Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto | García-Sastre, Adolfo | Garg, Suneela | Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. | Gershenson, Carlos | Gilada, Ishwar | Giovanella, Ligia | González, Marino | Green, Manfred | Greenhalgh, Trisha | Griffin, Paul | Griffin, Stephen | Grinsztejn, Beatriz | Anand, Tanu | Guerra, Germán | Guinto, Renzo | Gujski, Mariusz | Guner, Rahmet | Hamdy, Adam | Hâncean, Marian-Gabriel | Haniffa, Abusayeed | Hartigan-Go, Kenneth | Hassan, Hoda | Hay, Simon | Heino, Matti | Hel, Zdenek | Hotez, Peter | Hu, Jia | Hukić, Mirsada | Ijsselmuiden, Carel | Iroko, Davidson | Iskarous, Maged | Izugbara, Chimaraoke | Jacobs, Choolwe | Jadad, Alejandro | Jehan, Fyezah | Jordan, Ayana | Jroundi, Imane | Kain, Kevin | Kamberi, Fatjona | Karamov, Eduard | Karan, Abraar | Katz, Rebecca | Katzourakis, Aris | Kazembe, Abigail | Khamis, Faryal | Khamzayev, Komiljon | Khanyola, Judy | Khunti, Kamlesh | Kiguli-Malwadde, Elsie | Kim, Woo Joo | Kirenga, Bruce | Klimovský, Daniel | Kmush, Brittany | Knaul, Felicia | Kogevinas, Manolis | Kristensen, Frederik | Kumar, Dinesh | Kumar, Raman | Kvalsvig, Amanda | Lacerda, Marcus | Lal, Arush | Lawton, Tom | Lemery, Jay | Leonardi, Anthony | Li, Yuguo | Löttvall, Jan | Lounis, Mohamed | Maceira, Daniel | Macintyre, C. 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Edité par CCSD ; Nature Publishing Group -

International audience. Abstract Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches 1 , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach 2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities 3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

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