The incidence of post-transplant malignancies in kidney transplant recipients treated with Rituximab

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Bachelet, T. | Visentin, Jonathan | Davis, P. | Taton, B. | Guidicelli, G. | Kaminski, Hannah | Merville, Pierre | Couzi, Lionel

Edité par CCSD ; Wiley -

International audience. Background: Rituximab has been proposed as induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA) or a positive flow cross-match. We here evaluated whether adding rituximab was associated with a higher incidence of post-transplant malignancies (PTM) due to greater immunosuppression. Patients and Methods: Forty-eight HLA-sensitized KTRs received induction therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and rituximab because of preformed DSA or a positive flow cross-match (RTX group). They were compared with a control group of 154 patients receiving ATG alone. Results: Thirty-nine of 202 (19.3%) patients developed PTM; the rate was similar in the RTX and no-RTX groups (14.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively, P=.3). The distributions of the types of cancer were similar between the two groups, with the majority being non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC, n=24). The risk factors for PTM were male gender, age, history of cancer, and azathioprine. Conclusion: Our data do not indicate a higher rate of post-transplantation de novo malignancies after kidney transplantation in high-immunological risk patients who received induction therapy based on ATG and rituximab.

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