The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder
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Faraone, Stephen | Banaschewski, Tobias | Coghill, David | Zheng, Yi | Biederman, Joseph | Bellgrove, Mark | Newcorn, Jeffrey | Gignac, Martin | Al Saud, Nouf | Manor, Iris | Rohde, Luis Augusto | Yang, Li | Cortese, Samuele | Almagor, Doron | Stein, Mark | Albatti, Turki | Aljoudi, Haya | Alqahtani, Mohammed | Asherson, Philip | Atwoli, Lukoye | Bölte, Sven | Buitelaar, Jan | Crunelle, Cleo | Daley, David | Dalsgaard, Søren | Döpfner, Manfred | Espinet, Stacey | Fitzgerald, Michael | Franke, Barbara | Gerlach, Manfred | Haavik, Jan | Hartman, Catharina | Hartung, Cynthia | Hinshaw, Stephen | Hoekstra, Pieter | Hollis, Chris | Kollins, Scott | Sandra Kooij, J.J. | Kuntsi, Jonna | Larsson, Henrik | Li, Tingyu | Liu, Jing | Merzon, Eugene | Mattingly, Gregory | Mattos, Paulo | Mccarthy, Suzanne | Mikami, Amori Yee | Molina, Brooke | Nigg, Joel | Purper-Ouakil, Diane | Omigbodun, Olayinka | Polanczyk, Guilherme | Pollak, Yehuda | Poulton, Alison | Rajkumar, Ravi Philip | Reding, Andrew | Reif, Andreas | Rubia, Katya | Rucklidge, Julia | Romanos, Marcel | Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni | Schellekens, Arnt | Scheres, Anouk | Schoeman, Renata | Schweitzer, Julie | Shah, Henal | Solanto, Mary | Sonuga-Barke, Edmund | Soutullo, César | Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph | Swanson, James | Thapar, Anita | Tripp, Gail | van de Glind, Geurt | Brink, Wim van Den | van Der Oord, Saskia | Venter, Andre | Vitiello, Benedetto | Walitza, Susanne | Wang, Yufeng
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CCSD ; Elsevier -
International audience.
Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.Methods: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.Results: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.Conclusions: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
