Elicitation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses through immunization using a versatile adenovirus-inspired multimerization platform

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Chevillard, Christopher | Amen, Axelle | Besson, S | Hannani, D | Bally, Isabelle | Dettling, V | Gout, Evelyne | Moreau, Christophe J | Buisson, Marlyse | Gallet, Salomé | Fenel, Daphna | Vassal-Stermann, Emilie | Schoehn, Guy | Poignard, Pascal | Dagher, Marie-Claire | Fender, Pascal

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Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has shown that vaccine preparedness is critical to anticipate a fast response to emergent pathogens with high infectivity. To rapidly reach herd immunity, an affordable, easy to store and versatile vaccine platform is thus desirable. We previously designed a non-infectious adenovirus-inspired nanoparticle (ADDomer), and in the present work, we efficiently decorated this original vaccine platform with glycosylated receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Cryo-Electron Microscopy structure revealed that up to 60 copies of this antigenic domain were bound on a single ADDomer particle with the symmetrical arrangements of a dodecahedron. Mouse immunization with the RBD decorated particles showed as early as the first immunization a significant anti-coronavirus humoral response, which was boosted after a second immunization. Neutralization assays with spike pseudo-typed-virus demonstrated the elicitation of strong neutralization titers. Remarkably, the existence of pre-existing immunity against adenoviral-derived particles enhanced the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. This plug and play vaccine platform revisits the way of using adenovirus to combat emergent pathogens while potentially taking advantage of the adenovirus pre-immunity.

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