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A developmental investigation of the other-race categorization advantage in a multiracial population: Contrasting social categorization and perceptual expertise accounts
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International audience. Most prior studies of the other-race categorization advantage have been conducted in predominantly monoracial societies. This limitation has left open the question of whether tendencies to more rapidly and accurately categorize other-race faces is an effect based on social categorization (own-versus other-race) or perceptual expertise (frequent or infrequent exposure). To address this question, we tested Malay and Malaysian Chinese children (9-to 10-year-olds) and adults on (1) own-race faces (i.e., Malay faces for Malay participants and Chinese faces for Malaysian Chinese participants), (2) high frequency other-race faces (i.e., Chinese faces for Malay participants, and Malay faces for Malaysian Chinese participants), and (3) low frequency other-race faces (i.e., Caucasian faces). While the other-race categorization advantage was in evidence in the accuracy data of Malay adults, other aspects of performance were supportive of either the social categorization or perceptual expertise accounts, and were dependent on the race (Malay vs. Chinese) or age (child vs. adult) of the participants. Of particular significance is the finding that Malaysian Chinese children and adults categorized own-race Chinese faces more rapidly than high frequency other-race Malay faces. The overall pattern of outcomes indicates that experience with different class of faces tunes the face recognition system towards the majority class of faces present in a multiracial society. Moreover, in accord with a perceptual expertise account, the other-race categorization advantage is more an advantage for racial categories of lesser experience, regardless of whether these face categories are own or other race.
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