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The large, diverse, and robust arsenal of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors and their in planta functions
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International audience. The type III secretion system with its delivered type III effectors (T3Es) is one of the main virulence determinants ofRalstonia solanacearum, a worldwide devastating plant pathogenic bacterium affecting many crop species. The pan-effectome of theR. solanacearumspecies complex has been exhaustively identified and is composed of more than 100 different T3Es. Among the reported strains, their content ranges from 45 to 76 T3Es. This considerably large and varied effectome could be considered one of the factors contributing to the wide host range ofR. solanacearum. In order to understand howR. solanacearumuses its T3Es to subvert the host cellular processes, many functional studies have been conducted over the last three decades. It has been shown thatR. solanacearumeffectors, as those from other plant pathogens, can suppress plant defence mechanisms, modulate the host metabolism, or avoid bacterial recognition through a wide variety of molecular mechanisms.R. solanacearumT3Es can also be perceived by the plant and trigger immune responses. To date, the molecular mechanisms employed byR. solanacearumT3Es to modulate these host processes have been described for a growing number of T3Es, although they remain unknown for the majority of them. In this microreview, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the characterizedR. solanacearumspecies complex T3Es.
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