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The consequences of agricultural trade liberalization for developing countries: distinguishing between genuine benefits and false hopes. Les conséquences de la libéralisation des échanges agricoles : opportunités et faux espoirs
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Edité par CCSD ; Cambridge University Press (CUP) -
International audience. Recent analyses suggest that the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries will be very uneven. The Doha Round focuses on tariff issues, but some developing countries currently have practically duty-free access to European and North American markets under preferential regimes. Multilateral liberalization will erode the benefits of these preferences, which are presently rather well utilized in the agricultural sector. While South American and East Asian countries should benefit from an agricultural agreement, African and Caribbean countries are unlikely to do so. The main obstacles to the exports of the sub-Saharan African and Least Developed Countries appear to be in the non-tariff area (sanitary, phytosanitary standards), which increasingly originate from the private sector and are not dealt with under the Doha framework (traceability requirements, etc.). An agreement in Doha is unlikely to solve these problems and open large markets for the poorest countries. While this is not an argument to give up multilateral liberalization, a more specific and differentiated treatment should be considered in WTO rules, and corrective measures should be implemented. . Le cycle de négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce offre de réelles chances à certains pays en développement et en transition, mais des effets négatifs sont à attendre pour d'autres. Il s'agit en particulier de ceux qui bénéficient actuellement d'un accès privilégié, sans droit de douane, aux marchés européens et américains, en premier lieu la zone Caraïbe. Les pays les plus pauvres voient peu d'effets dans la mesure où les négociations ne portent pas réellement sur les principaux obstacles à leur intégration au marché mondial.
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