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Subcritical water extraction of stilbenes from grapevine by-products: A new green chemistry approach
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International audience. Currently, one of the biggest challenges in viticulture is to valorize the huge amount of biomass, especially grapevine waste. Subcritical water is a sustainable and eco-friendly method of extraction based on the use of water as an extracting agent, corresponding to the strategy called "green chemistry". Application of a high temperature and a high pressure maintains the water in its liquid form allowing polar and less polar compounds to be extracted. Stilbenes are low-polarity compounds that normally require organic solvents for their extraction. This study investigated the possibility of using a subcritical water process to extract complex stilbenes from three vine co-products: cane, wood, and root. Various temperatures (100, 130, 160 and 190 degrees C) and contact times (5, 15 and 30 min) were tested by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The highest stilbene yield was obtained at 160 degrees C and 5 min for cane (3.62 g/kg dry mass), wood (9.32 g/kg dry mass) and root (12.1 g/kg dry mass). ASE allowed the extraction of monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers of stilbenes in similar amounts as with conventional organic solvents. In addition, the subcritical extraction conditions led to the formation of an uncommon tetrameric stilbene, named vitisin F. The possibility of using "green chemistry" for extracting oligomeric stilbenes is a step forward in the search for alternatives to organic solvents.
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