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Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses

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Gaunitz, Charleen | Fages, Antoine | Hanghøj, Kristian | Albrechtsen, Anders | Khan, Naveed | Schubert, Mikkel | Seguin-Orlando, Andaine | Owens, Ivy | Felkel, Sabine | Bignon-Lau, Olivier | de Barros Damgaard, Peter | Mittnik, Alissa | Mohaseb, Azadeh | Davoudi, Hossein | Alquraishi, Saleh | Alfarhan, Ahmed, H | Al-Rasheid, Khaled | Crubézy, Eric | Benecke, Norbert | Olsen, Sandra | Brown, Dorcas | Anthony, David | Massy, Ken | Pitulko, Vladimir | Kasparov, Aleksei | Brem, Gottfried | Hofreiter, Michael | Mukhtarova, Gulmira | Baimukhanov, Nurbol | Lõugas, Lembi | Onar, Vedat | Stockhammer, Philipp | Krause, Johannes | Boldgiv, Bazartseren | Undrakhbold, Sainbileg | Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav | Lepetz, Sébastien | Mashkour, Marjan | Ludwig, Arne | Wallner, Barbara | Merz, Victor | Merz, Ilja | Zaibert, Viktor | Willerslev, Eske | Librado, Pablo | Outram, Alan | Orlando, Ludovic

Edité par CCSD ; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) -

International audience. The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4000 years ago to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.

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