Hydroxyurea therapy modulates sickle cell anemia red blood cell physiology: Impact on RBC deformability, oxidative stress, nitrite levels and nitric oxide synthase signalling pathway

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Nader, Elie | Grau, Marijke | Fort, Romain | Collins, Bianca | Cannas, Giovanna | Gauthier, Alexandra | Walpurgis, Katja | Martin, Cyril | Bloch, Wilhelm | Poutrel, Solène | Hot, Arnaud | Renoux, Céline | Thevis, Mario | Joly, Philippe | Romana, Marc | Guillot, Nicolas | Connes, Philippe

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier -

International audience. Hydroxyurea (HU) has been suggested to act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor in sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, little is known about the HU NO-related effects on red blood cell (RBC) physiology and NO signalling pathway. Thirty-four patients with SCA (22 under HU treatment (HU+) and 12 without (HU-)) and 17 healthy subjects (AA) were included. RBC nitrite content, deformability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. RBC NO-synthase (RBC-NOS) signalling pathway was assessed by the measurement of RBC-NOS serine 1177 and RBC-AKT serine 473 phosphorylation. We also investigated the in vitro effects of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the same parameters in SCA RBC. RBC nitrite content was higher in HU+ than in HU-and AA. RBC deformability was decreased in SCA patients compared to AA but the decrease was more pronounced in HU-. RBC ROS level was increased in SCA compared to AA but the level was higher in HU-than in HU+. RBC-NOS serine 1177 and RBC-AKT serine 473 phosphorylation were decreased in HU+ compared to HU-and AA. SCA RBC treated with SNP showed increased deformability, reduced ROS content and a decrease in AKT and RBC-NOS phosphorylation. Our study suggests that HU, through its effects on foetal hemoglobin and possibly on NO delivery, would modulate RBC NO signalling pathway, RBC rheology and oxidative stress.

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