Pregnancy Outcomes after ZIKV Infection in French Territories in the Americas

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Hoen, Bruno | Schaub, Bruno | Funk, Anna L | Ardillon, Vanessa | Boullard, Manon | Cabié, André | Callier, Caroline | Carles, Gabriel | Cassadou, Sylvie | Césaire, Raymond | Douine, Maylis | Herrmann-Storck, Cécile | Kadhel, Philippe | Laouénan, Cédric | Madec, Yoann | Monthieux, Alice | Nacher, Mathieu | Najioullah, Fatiha | Rousset, Dominique | Ryan, Catherine | Schepers, Kinda | Stegmann-Planchard, Sofia | Tressières, Benoît | Voluménie, Jean-Luc | Yassinguezo, Samson | Janky, Eustase | Fontanet, Arnaud

Edité par CCSD ; Massachusetts Medical Society -

International audience. BACKGROUND:The risk of congenital neurologic defects related to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has ranged from 6 to 42% in various reports. The aim of this study was to estimate this risk among pregnant women with symptomatic ZIKV infection in French territories in the Americas.METHODS:From March 2016 through November 2016, we enrolled in this prospective cohort study pregnant women with symptomatic ZIKV infection that was confirmed by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay. The analysis included all data collected up to April 27, 2017, the date of the last delivery in the cohort.RESULTS:Among the 555 fetuses and infants in the 546 pregnancies included in the analysis, 28 (5.0%) were not carried to term or were stillborn, and 527 were born alive. Neurologic and ocular defects possibly associated with ZIKV infection were seen in 39 fetuses and infants (7.0%; 95% confidence interval, 5.0 to 9.5); of these, 10 were not carried to term because of termination of pregnancy for medical reasons, 1 was stillborn, and 28 were live-born. Microcephaly (defined as head circumference more than 2 SD below the mean for sex and gestational age) was detected in 32 fetuses and infants (5.8%), of whom 9 (1.6%) had severe microcephaly (more than 3 SD below the mean). Neurologic and ocular defects were more common when ZIKV infection occurred during the first trimester (24 of 189 fetuses and infants [12.7%]) than when it occurred during the second trimester (9 of 252 [3.6%]) or third trimester (6 of 114 [5.3%]) (P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Among pregnant women with symptomatic, PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection, birth defects possibly associated with ZIKV infection were present in 7% of fetuses and infants. Defects occurred more frequently in fetuses and infants whose mothers had been infected early in pregnancy. Longer-term follow-up of infants is required to assess any manifestations not detected at birth. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02916732 .).

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