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Allelic composition of MdMYB1 drives red skin color intensity in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and its application to breeding

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Moriya, Shigeki | Kunihisa, Miyuki | Okada, Kazuma | Shimizu, Taku | Honda, Chikako | Yamamoto, Toshiya | Muranty, Helene | Denance, Caroline | Katayose, Yuichi | Iwata, Hiroyoshi | Abe, Kazuyuki

Edité par CCSD ; Springer -

Since apple fruit skin reddens poorly under warmer climates, new apple cultivars are desired that are adapted to global warming in terms of bearing well-reddened fruit. We developed a simple sequence repeat marker, Mdo.chr9.4, which is suitable for red skin color selection. It amplified four alleles (Mdo.chr9.4-R-0, Mdo.chr9.4-Y-3, Mdo.chr9.4-Y-9, and Mdo.chr9.4-Y-15) distinguished by length. Mdo. chr9.4-R-0 associated with MdMYB1-1 which confers red fruit skin. The presence of Mdo. chr9.4-R-0 was consistent with empirical skin color in all 160 tested accessions. Mdo. chr9.4 was identified as the only significant marker that contributed to red skin color intensity by a genome wide association study (GWAS), and it accounted for 52.0% of phenotypic variation, confirming that MdMYB1 was the major and principal determinant of fruit skin color in apples. Individuals with a homozygous state of Mdo.chr9.4-R-0 (dose 2) were significantly redder than those showing a heterozygote state (dose 1) in both the accession set and full-sib families, indicating a partially dominant effect of MdMYB1-1. Therefore, the selection of dose 2 individuals would target individuals with intensive red skin. We applied Mdo.chr9.4 to several application populations using a time and cost-efficient genotyping system developed in the present study. This system, along with Mdo.chr9.4, provide advanced marker-assisted breeding for intensive red skin color apples adapted to a global warming climate.

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