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Secretagogue activity of trachylysin, a neurotoxic protein isolated from stonefish (Synanceia trachynis) venom
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Edité par CCSD ; Humana Press Totowa, NJ, USA -
Approximately 400 to 500 species of marine fish may be poisonous to humans after ingestion. Most poisonous fish are nonmigratory reef fish and can be either herbivores or carnivores. Some of them have tissues that are toxic at all times, others are poisonous during certain periods of the year or in certain geographical areas, and still others have only specific organs that are toxic, and their toxicity may vary with time, location, and habitat. More than 200 species of marine fish, including stingrays, scorpionfish, weevers, and stargazers, possess some form of venom apparatus capable of inflicting serious and occasionally fatal wounds to humans. Most venomous fish are nonmigratory, shallowwater reef or inshore fish, and they use their venom apparatus as a defensive weapon. The Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea contain numerous genera and species of venomous fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae. Members of this family are commonly called scorpionfish, and they include three stonefish (Synanceia) species, which possess numerous pairs of well-developed venom glands and cause severe disease in humans. The results of clinical and pharmacological studies indicate that stonefish venoms cause: intense pain in humans; extensive local tissue edema and necrosis of skin tissue; a marked increase in the spontaneous release of neurotransmitters; irreversible damage to and depolarization of muscle cells; muscle twitches, incoordination, and paralysis (neuromuscular blockade); hypotension; and respiratory and cardiac failure.
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