Immune checkpoint inhibitors increase T cell immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Yatim, Nader | Boussier, Jeremy | Tetu, Pauline | Smith, Nikaïa | Bruel, Timothée | Charbit, Bruno | Barnabei, Laura | Corneau, Aurélien | da Meda, Laetitia | Allayous, Clara | Baroudjian, Barouyr | Jebali, Majdi | Herms, Florian | Grzelak, Ludivine | Staropoli, Isabelle | Calmettes, Vincent | Hadjadj, Jerome | Peyrony, Olivier | Cassius, Charles | Legoff, Jerome | Kramkimel, Nora | Aractingi, Selim | Fontes, Magnus | Blanc, Catherine | Rieux-Laucat, Frederic | Schwartz, Olivier | Terrier, Benjamin | Duffy, Darragh | Lebbé, Celeste

Edité par CCSD ; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) -

International audience. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, yet the role of antiviral T cell immunity during infection and the contribution of immune checkpoints remain unclear. By prospectively following a cohort of 292 patients with melanoma, half of which treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), we identified 15 patients with acute or convalescent COVID-19 and investigated their transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular profiles. We found that ICI treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 and did not alter the induction of inflammatory and type I interferon responses. In-depth phenotyping demonstrated expansion of CD8 effector memory T cells, enhanced T cell activation, and impaired plasmablast induction in ICI-treated COVID-19 patients. The evaluation of specific adaptive immunity in convalescent patients showed higher spike (S), nucleoprotein (N), and membrane (M) antigen-specific T cell responses and similar induction of spike-specific antibody responses. Our findings provide evidence that ICI during COVID-19 enhanced T cell immunity without exacerbating inflammation.

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