Decreased Type I Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contributes to Severe Dengue

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Upasani, Vinit | Scagnolari, Carolina | Frasca, Federica | Smith, Nikaïa | Bondet, Vincent | Vanderlinden, Axelle | Lay, Sokchea | Auerswald, Heidi | Heng, Sothy | Laurent, Denis | Ly, Sowath | Duong, Veasna | Antonelli, Guido | Dussart, Philippe | Duffy, Darragh | Cantaert, Tineke

Edité par CCSD ; Frontiers -

International audience. The clinical presentation of dengue virus (DENV) infection is variable. Severe complications mainly result from exacerbated immune responses. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are important in antiviral responses and form a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity. Their contribution to host defense during DENV infection remains under-studied, as direct quantification of IFN-I is challenging. We combined ultra-sensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) digital ELISA with IFN-I gene expression to elucidate the role of IFN-I in a well-characterized cohort of hospitalized Cambodian children undergoing acute DENV infection. Higher concentrations of type I IFN proteins were observed in blood of DENV patients, compared to healthy donors, and correlated with viral load. Stratifying patients for disease severity, we found a decreased expression of IFN-I in patients with a more severe clinical outcome, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This was seen in parallel to a correlation between low IFNα protein concentrations and decreased platelet counts. Type I IFNs concentrations were correlated to frequencies of plasmacytoid DCs, not DENV-infected myloid DCs and correlated inversely with neutralizing anti-DENV antibody titers. Hence, type I IFN produced in the acute phase of infection is associated with less severe outcome of dengue disease.

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