Real-time whole-body visualization of Chikungunya Virus infection and host interferon response in zebrafish.

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Palha, Nuno | Guivel-Benhassine, Florence | Briolat, Valérie | Lutfalla, Georges | Sourisseau, Marion | Ellett, Felix | Wang, Chieh-Huei | Lieschke, Graham J | Herbomel, Philippe | Schwartz, Olivier | Levraud, Jean-Pierre

Edité par CCSD ; Public Library of Science -

International audience. Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging arbovirus that may cause severe disease, constitutes an important public health problem. Herein we describe a novel CHIKV infection model in zebrafish, where viral spread was live-imaged in the whole body up to cellular resolution. Infected cells emerged in various organs in one principal wave with a median appearance time of ∼14 hours post infection. Timing of infected cell death was organ dependent, leading to a shift of CHIKV localization towards the brain. As in mammals, CHIKV infection triggered a strong type-I interferon (IFN) response, critical for survival. IFN was mainly expressed by neutrophils and hepatocytes. Cell type specific ablation experiments further demonstrated that neutrophils play a crucial, unexpected role in CHIKV containment. Altogether, our results show that the zebrafish represents a novel valuable model to dynamically visualize replication, pathogenesis and host responses to a human virus.

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