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A genome‐wide screen identifies IRF2 as a key regulator of caspase‐4 in human cells

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Benaoudia, Sacha | Martin, Amandine | Puig Gamez, Marta | Gay, Gabrielle | Lagrange, Brice | Cornut, Maxence | Krasnykov, Kyrylo | Claude, Jean‐baptiste | Bourgeois, Cyril | Hughes, Sandrine | Gillet, Benjamin | Allatif, Omran | Corbin, Antoine | Ricci, Romeo | Henry, Thomas

Edité par CCSD ; EMBO Press -

International audience. Caspase-4, the cytosolic LPS sensor, and gasdermin D, its downstream effector, constitute the non-canonical inflammasome, which drives inflammatory responses during Gram-negative bacterial infections. It remains unclear whether other proteins regulate cytosolic LPS sensing, particularly in human cells. Here, we conduct a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in a human monocyte cell line to identify genes controlling cytosolic LPS-mediated pyroptosis. We find that the transcription factor, IRF2, is required for pyroptosis following cytosolic LPS delivery and functions by directly regulating caspase-4 levels in human monocytes and iPSC-derived monocytes. CASP4, GSDMD, and IRF2 are the only genes identified with high significance in this screen highlighting the simplicity of the non-canonical inflammasome. Upon IFN-γ priming, IRF1 induction compensates IRF2 deficiency, leading to robust caspase-4 expression. Deficiency in IRF2 results in dampened inflammasome responses upon infection with Gram-negative bacteria. This study emphasizes the central role of IRF family members as specific regulators of the non-canonical inflammasome.

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