Green cities and the risk for vector-borne diseases transmission

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Mercat, Mathilde | Bartholomée, Colombine | Moiroux, Nicolas | Fontenille, Didier | Simard, Frédéric | Fournet, Florence

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Introduction and Objectives : Greening cities represents a nature-based strategy aimed at fostering sustainable urban development by mitigating climate change effects and improving human health and well-being. However, integrating nature to urban environments can influence the distribution and the abundance of disease vectors, potentially impacting the emergence and transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Urban green infrastructures may expand the overall habitat capacity by providing suitable breeding and resting sites for urban vectors. These green areas could also enhance opportunities for managing VBD risks within cities, by facilitating predation, competition, and dilution effects in the urban ecosystem. To begin unravelling the complexities of how urban greening influences VBD transmission in urban settings, we conducted a scoping review.Materials and Methods : We implemented a systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines, identifying 110 articles investigating the interplay between urban green infrastructure and the risk of VBDs affecting human, animal, and plant health. We summarized identified impact by vector, and describe methodologies used to characterized urban green infrastructure and VBD risk.Results : The majority of the articles addressed mosquito-borne diseases (75) and tick-borne diseases (29). Overall, urban vegetation appears to heighten the risk of tick-borne diseases. The influence of urban green infrastructure on mosquito-borne diseases varied depending on the specific vector system and environmental context. Additionally, we observed a wide diversity of indicators used to assess both VBD risk and urban green infrastructure. Depending on the selected indicator, the impact on the VBD risk can differ.Discussion and Conclusion : Considering the growing interest in urban greening, it is crucial to investigate its potential implications for public health. However, the absence of standardized protocols hinders accurate interpretation of the effects of urban green infrastructure on the risk for VBD emergence and transmission. Our analysis highlights gaps in knowledge and identifies opportunities and priorities for research.

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