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Interferon-α biological activity is associated with disease activity and risk of flare in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a monocentric study of 184 patients
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Edité par CCSD -
International audience. Background: Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is associated with unpredictable flares and may induce permanent damage. There is currently no biomarker routinely available in CLE.Objective: To evaluate the performance of IFN-α biological activity as biomarker of CLE activity and risk of flare.Methods: Cohort study including consecutive CLE patients with or without associated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum IFN-α biological activity (IU/mL) was determined by assessing the antiviral protection afforded by patients’ serum.Results: At first sampling, among 184 included patients, the prevalence of positive IFN-α activity (≥ 2 IU/mL) was 38%. Positive IFN-α activity was associated with active CLE (OR= 3.11 [95% CI: 1.61-6.01], p= 0.006), moderate-to-severe CLE activity (OR= 4.43 [95% CI: 1.99-9.86], p= 0.001) and associated SLE (OR= 2.17 [95% CI: 1.19-4.00], p= 0.01). Among 65 patients with inactive CLE, the risk of CLE flare at 6 months was significantly higher among patients with positive versus undetectable IFN-α activity (HR 4.95 [95% CI: 1.12-21.78], p= 0.03). No association was found with anti-dsDNA antibodies and low complement levels.Limitations: IFN-α activity is not universally available.Conclusion: IFN-α activity is associated with cutaneous activity and prognosis in CLE and can be used to predict CLE flares in clinical practice.
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