Sequencing mobilome reveals real time transposable element activity in plants and animals

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Mirouze, Marie | Lanciano, Sophie | Carpentier, Marie-Christine | Llauro, Christel | Panaud, Olivier | Ghesquiere, Alain

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that constitute a major part of eukaryotic genomes. They represent a main source of genomic diversity and an evolutionary force in both plants and animals. Host genomes have developed epigenetic mechanisms to control and prevent their proliferation. However, under specific stress conditions or at precise developmental stages, some TEs can be remobilized and proliferate in the genome. Today, only a few active TEs have been identified and the part of mobile genome, also called mobilome, represented by these elements is unknown. The term mobilome refers to the extrachromosomal fraction of the genome that can correspond to tandem repeats (satellite, telomeric, centromeric and ribosomal repeats) and to active TEs. We developed a strategy of high throughput sequencing to detect TEs extrachromosomal circular forms aiming to establish an unbiased repertoire of mobile TEs. Our method successfully identified known active TEs in Arabidopsis, rice and Drosophila samples in conditions where the epigenome was destabilised. Furthermore, our technique allowed us to detect in wild type rice tissues. a new active retrotransposon that we named PopRice. This TE is both controlled by epigenetic and genetic mechanisms and accumulates as circles in the developing endosperm. Altogether, our method to analyze the mobilome represents a novel approach to understand and evaluate the impacts of TEs on genome stability in plants.

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