L’ARN circulaire nous joue-t-il des tours ?

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Lacazette, Eric | Diallo, Leila, Halidou | Tatin, Florence | Garmy-Susini, Barbara | Prats, Anne-Catherine

Edité par CCSD ; EDP Sciences -

International audience. RNA has not said its last word with the rise of a new RNA family, circular RNAs (circRNAs). Discovered 25 years ago, circRNAs were initially considered as splicing byproducts. Today it appears that 14% of human genes produce circRNAs, whereas more than 100 000 different circRNAs are expressed. They are produced from coding genes through an alternative splicing mechanism called backsplicing, where an acceptor site is linked with a donor site located downstream. Nuclear circRNAs regulate transcription and splicing of their linear isoform. Cytoplasmic circRNAs, which are predominant, either sequester miRNAs or RNA binding proteins, or are translated via internal initiation mechanisms. CircRNAs may constitute a powerful biotechnogical tool for protein synthesis, as their translation is stable over time. In addition, exogenous circRNAs generate less immune response than their linear counterparts. We will also discuss in this review their biotechnological potential and their roles in pathological processes. . L’ARN n’a pas dit son dernier mot… avec l’émergence des ARN circulaires (circARN). Quatorze pour cent des gènes humains produisent en effet des circARN par un mécanisme d’épissage alternatif : le rétro-épissage. Chez l’homme, plus de 100 000 circARN différents ont ainsi été répertoriés. Dans le noyau, ils régulent la transcription ou l’épissage des ARNm, alors que, dans le cytoplasme, ils séquestrent des miARN et des protéines, ou sont traduits par un mécanisme d’initiation interne de la traduction. Ces circARN constituent en fait un outil biotechnologique performant car leur traduction est très stable dans le temps, et les circARN exogènes induisent moins de réponses immunitaires que les ARNm linéaires. Dans cette revue, nous discuterons, après les avoir décrits, du rôle des circARN dans différents processus pathologiques et de leur utilisation en biotechnologie.

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