Circulating T cell profiles associate with enterotype signatures underlying hematological malignancy relapses

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Vallet, Nicolas | Salmona, Maud | Malet-Villemagne, Jeanne | Bredel, Maxime | Bondeelle, Louise | Tournier, Simon | Mercier-Delarue, Séverine | Cassonnet, Stéphane | Ingram, Brian | Peffault de Latour, Régis | Bergeron, Anne | Socié, Gérard | Le Goff, Jérome | Lepage, Patricia | Michonneau, David

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Early administration of azithromycin after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was shown toincrease the relapse of hematological malignancies. To determine the impact of azithromycin on the post-transplant gut ecosystem and its influence on relapse, we characterized overtime gut bacteriome, virome,and metabolome of 55 patients treated with azithromycin or a placebo. We describe four enterotypes andthe network of associated bacteriophage species and metabolic pathways. One enterotype associateswith sustained remission. One taxon from Bacteroides specifically associates with relapse, while two fromBacteroides and Prevotella correlate with complete remission. These taxa are associated with lipid, pentose,and branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways and several bacteriophage species. Enterotypes andtaxa associate with exhausted T cells and the functional status of circulating immune cells. These resultsillustrate how an antibiotic influences a complex network of gut bacteria, viruses, and metabolites andmay promote cancer relapse through modifications of immune cells.

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