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When taxonomy matters for conservation priorities: some cases among the genus Allium L.
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International audience. 1. The genus Allium is one of the most diverse in the world, with more than 1000 accepted species yet [POWO, 2023]. But a lot of new species are regularly described (several per year), including in the Euro- Mediterranean subgenus Allium. Within the sections Allium, Codonoprasum, Cupanioscordum and Pseudoscorodon, some old described species were recently rehabilitated and/or splitted into species complexes. This situation is not due to hazard, but to the difficult conservation of the main discriminant criteria when the plants collected were classically put in herbaria (A somewhat comparable situation is known for orchids and broomrapes for the same reasons). But the recent and prolific color photograph activities plus the more traditional comparative experimental cultivation have led several botanists to better understand the variability and therefore the taxonomy of the genus Allium.2. During the last 10 years, redlisting activities supported by the IUCN-Med challenged us to choose a pragmatic taxonomy, not dependent to one or another backbone database but to conservation units identifiable on the field by botanists.3. The parallel progress of both taxonomy and redlisting are commented in details for the Euro-Mediterranean A. ampeloprasum complex (sect. Allium). We can also enlarge the problematics to the Mediterranean A. cupanii / hirtovaginatum complex (sect. Cupanioscordum), the western Mediterranean A. rouyi complex (sect. Pseudoscorodon), and some Maghrebian species of the A. pallens / oleraceum / paniculatum and the A. flavum / stamineum complexes (sect. Codonoprasum).
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