Seroepidemiology of the Seasonal Human Coronaviruses NL63, 229E, OC43 and HKU1 in France

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de Thoisy, Alix | Woudenberg, Tom | Pelleau, Stéphane | Donnadieu, Françoise | Garcia, Laura | Pinaud, Laurie | Tondeur, Laura | Meola, Annalisa | Arowas, Laurence | Clement, Nathalie | Backovic, Marija | Ungeheuer, Marie-Noëlle | Fontanet, Arnaud | White, Michael | Seroped Study Teams, Covid-Oise And

Edité par CCSD ; Oxford University Press -

International audience. Background. The seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1 are globally endemic, yet the majority of HCoV infections remain undiagnosed. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 2389 serum samples were collected from children and adults in France in 2020. In a longitudinal cohort study, 2520 samples were collected from 898 French individuals followed up between 2020 and 2021. Antibodies to HCoVs were measured using a bead-based multiplex assay. Results. The rate of waning of anti-HCoV spike immunoglobulin G antibodies was estimated as 0.22-0.47 year −1 for children, and 0.13-0.27 year −1 for adults. Seroreversion was estimated as 0.31-1.37 year −1 in children and 0.19-0.72 year −1 in adults. The estimated seroconversion rate in children was consistent with 20%-39% of children being infected every year with each HCoV. Conclusions. The high force of infection in children indicates that HCoVs may be responsible for a substantial proportion of fever episodes experienced by children.

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