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A new 165-SNP low-density lipoprotein cholesterol polygenic risk score based on next generation sequencing outperforms previously published scores in routine diagnostics of familial hypercholesterolemia
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International audience. Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains unexplained in 30 to 70% of patients after exclu-sion of monogenic disease. There is now a growing evidence that a polygenic burden significantly modulates LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations. Several LDL-c polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been set up. However, the bal-ance between their diagnosis performance and their practical use in routine practice is not clearly established. Consequently, we set up new PRS based on our routine panel for sequencing and compared their diagnostic per-formance with previously-published PRS. After a meta-analysis, four new PRS including 165 to 1633 SNP were setup using different softwares. They were established using two French control cohorts (MONA LISA n=1082 and FranceGenRef n=856). Then the explained LDL-c variance and the ability of each PRS to discriminate mono -genic negative FH patients (M-) versus healthy controls were compared with 4 previously-described PRS in 785 unrelated FH patients. Between all PRS, the 165-SNP PRS developed with PLINK showed the best LDL-c explained variance (adjusted R-2=0.19) and the best diagnosis abilities (AUROC=0.77, 95%CI=0.74-0.79): it significantly outperformed all the previously-published PRS (p<1 x 10(-4)). By using a cut-off at the 75th percentile, 61% of M -patients exhibited a polygenic hypercholesterolemia with the 165-SNP PRS versus 48% with the previously pub-lished 12-SNP PRS (p =3.3 x 10(-6)). These results were replicated using the UK biobank. This new 165-SNP PRS, usable in routine diagnosis, exhibits better diagnosis abilities for a polygenic hypercholesterolemia diagnosis. It would be a valuable tool to optimize referral for whole genome sequencing.
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