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Uncertainty-based Quality Control for Subcortical Structures Segmentation in T1-weighted Brain MRI

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Lambert, Benjamin | Forbes, Florence | Doyle, Senan | Tucholka, Alan | Dojat, Michel

Edité par CCSD -

International audience. Deep Learning (DL) models are presently the gold standard for medical image segmentation. However, their performance may drastically drop in the presence of characteristics in test images not present in the training set. The automatic detection of these Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) inputs is the key to prevent the silent failure of DL models, especially when the visual inspection of the input is not systematically carried out. For MRI segmentation, a wide range of covariables can perturbate a DL model: noise, artifacts or MR sequence parameters. Deterministic Uncertainty Methods (DUM) are novel and promising techniques for OOD detection. They propose to analyze the intermediate activations of a trained segmentation DL model to detect OOD inputs. In a previous study, we demonstrated that DUM achieved high OOD detection performance on a task of Multiple Sclerosis lesions segmentation in T2-weighted FLAIR MRI. To evaluate the generalization capability of this technique, we propose to evaluate DUM in the context of automatic subcortical structures segmentation. We focus our results on the hippocampus and thalamus structures segmentation from T1-weighted MR brain scans of healthy subjects.

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