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Re-reading the lithic industry of the eponymous Bábonyian site at Sajóbábony (Bükk Mountain, Hungary).
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Edité par CCSD -
International audience. Méhész-tető in Sajóbábony (northeastern Hungary), is an open-air site attributed to last glacial cycle. It yielded a lithic industry whose unique typo-technological composition gave rise to the classification of Bábonyian by Á. Ringer in 1983 and later in 2001. This Middle Palaeolithic cultural facies is characterised by leafpoints, Micoquian bifacial tools, Bábonyian knives and discoidal debitage resulting from flake production. The raw material used for both shaped tools and flake production is mainly quartz-porphyre.Méhész-tető has been excavated several times by different prehistorians between 1975 and 1997 but unfortunately nothing has been published since 2000 so consequently, we were unfamiliar with the lithic composition, techno-economy datas of the industry, spatial distribution of the artefacts, and thereby did not possess any hypotheses regarding site function. In 2019, however, this began to change. Firstly, we re-analysed all past collections from Toth Lajos and Arpád Ringer and, secondly was born a new international programme of excavations led by A. Lamotte and Zs. Mester, started at the site with a planned duration of 4 years (2019-2022) with many aims. Among them, this new programme permitted us to provide a better typo-technological characterisation of the industry and allowed us to compare all previous and current excavations (1986, 1997 and 2019-2022), using the same methods like metric, geometric morphometric, raw materials and chaine operatoire. Each excavation yielded considerable numbers of artefacts scattered over 12 m2. Significantly, with this information, we were able to discuss the spatial distribution of each lithic category, the raw materials, make hypotheses regarding the daily activities carried out at the site and finally discuss about the Culture.
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