Robustness of organ morphology is associated with modules of co-expressed genes related to plant cell wall

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Hartasánchez, Diego, A | Kiss, Annamaria | Battu, Virginie | Dumond, Mathilde | Soraru, Charline | Delgado-Vaquera, Abigail | Massinon, Florian | Brasó-Vives, Marina | Mollier, Corentin | Dubrulle, Nelly | Sénéchal, Fabien | Martin-Magniette, Marie-Laure | Boudaoud, Arezki | Monéger, Françoise

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Reproducibility in organ size and shape is a fundamental trait of living organisms. Themechanisms underlying such robustness remain, however, to be elucidated. Taking the sepal ofArabidopsis as a model, we investigated whether variability of gene expression plays a role invariation of organ morphology. To address this question, we produced a dataset composed ofboth transcriptomic and morphological information obtained from 27 individual sepals fromwild-type plants. Although nearly identical in their genetic background, environment, anddevelopmental stage, these sepals exhibited appreciable variability in both morphology andtranscriptome. We identified modules of co-expressed genes in sepals, three of whichcorrelated significantly with morphology, revealing biologically relevant gene regulatorynetworks. Interestingly, cell-wall related genes were overrepresented in two of these threemodules. Additionally, we found that highly variable genes were unexpectedly enriched incell-wall related processes. We then analyzed sepal morphology from 16 cell-wall mutants andfound that the more a gene is expressed in wild-type, the more variable the morphology of thecorresponding mutant. Altogether, our work unravels the contribution of cell-wall related genesto the robustness of sepal morphology. More generally, we propose that canalizing traits duringdevelopment could rely on the modulation of highly expressed genes.

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