Centrosome, the Newly Identified Passenger through Tunneling Nanotubes, Increases Binucleation and Proliferation Marker in Receiving Cells

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Dubois, Fatéméh | Galas, Ludovic | Elie, Nicolas | Le Foll, Frank | Bazille, Céline | Bergot, Emmanuel | Levallet, Guénaëlle

Edité par CCSD ; MDPI -

CERVOXY. International audience. Type 1 tunneling nanotubes (TNTs-1) are long, cytoplasmic protrusions containing actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments that provide a bi-directional road for the transport of various components between distant cells. TNT-1 formation is accompanied by dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization offering mechanical support for intercellular communication. Although the centrosome is the major microtubule nucleating center and also a signaling hub, the relationship between the centrosome and TNTs-1 is still unexplored. We provide here the first evidence of centrosome localization and orientation towards the TNTs-1 protrusion site, which is implicated in TNT-1 formation. We also envision a model whereby synchronized reorientation of the Golgi apparatus along with the centrosome towards TNTs-1 ensures effective polarized trafficking through TNTs-1. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and live imaging, we observed for the first time the movement of an extra centrosome within TNTs-1. In this regard, we hypothesize a novel role for TNTs-1 as a critical pathway serving to displace extra centrosomes and potentially to either protect malignant cells against aberrant centrosome amplification or contribute to altering cells in the tumor environment. Indeed, we have observed the increase in binucleation and proliferation markers in receiving cells. The fact that the centrosome can be both as the base and the user of TNTs-1 offers new perspectives and new opportunities to follow in order to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms under TNT control. . Les nanotubes de type 1 (TNT-1 : Tunneling Nanotubes) sont de longs prolongements cytoplasmiques assurant l'échange bidirectionnel de divers composants entre cellules distantes. Formés d'actine, de microtubules et de filaments intermédiaires, leur formation implique une réorganisation du cytosquelette, le support mécanique de cette communication intercellulaire. Pourtant, et bien que le centrosome soit le principal centre organisateur des microtubules, la relation entre le centrosome et les TNT-1 n’avait jamais été explorée. Nous fournissons ici la première preuve d'une part de l'implication des centrosomes dans la formation des TNT-1 en démontrant leur localisation au point de genèse des TNT-1, et d'autre part du recours du centrosome au TNT-1, en observant le mouvement de centrosome à travers des TNT-1 issus de cellules en voie de transformation et présentant un excès de centrosome. Nous émettons ainsi l'hypothèse que les TNT-1 pourraient permettre le transfert de centrosomes surnuméraires vers d'autres cellules et ainsi, protéger les cellules malignes contre l'amplification aberrante des centrosomes, et/ou contribuer à altérer les cellules saines de l'environnement tumoral. En effet, nous avons observé la bi-nucléation et l'augmentation des marqueurs de prolifération (Ki67) dans les cellules réceptrices. Le fait que le centrosome puisse être à la fois la base et l'utilisateur des TNTs-1 offre de nouvelles perspectives et de nouvelles opportunités à suivre afin d'améliorer notre connaissance des mécanismes physiopathologiques sous contrôle des TNT.

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