An on-demand, drop-on-drop method for studying enzyme catalysis by serial crystallography

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Butryn, Agata | Simon, Philipp | Aller, Pierre | Hinchliffe, Philip | Massad, Ramzi | Leen, Gabriel | Tooke, Catherine | Bogacz, Isabel | Kim, In-Sik | Bhowmick, Asmit | Brewster, Aaron | Devenish, Nicholas | Brem, Jürgen | Kamps, Jos | Lang, Pauline | Rabe, Patrick | Axford, Danny | Beale, John | Davy, Bradley | Ebrahim, Ali | Orlans, Julien | Storm, Selina | Zhou, Tiankun | Owada, Shigeki | Tanaka, Rie | Tono, Kensuke | Evans, Gwyndaf | Owen, Robin | Houle, Frances | Sauter, Nicholas | Schofield, Christopher | Spencer, James | Yachandra, Vittal | Yano, Junko | Kern, Jan | Orville, Allen

Edité par CCSD ; Nature Publishing Group -

International audience. Serial femtosecond crystallography has opened up many new opportunities in structural biology. In recent years, several approaches employing light-inducible systems have emerged to enable time-resolved experiments that reveal protein dynamics at high atomic and temporal resolutions. However, very few enzymes are light-dependent, whereas macromolecules requiring ligand diffusion into an active site are ubiquitous. In this work we present a drop-on-drop sample delivery system that enables the study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microcrystal slurries. The system delivers ligand solutions in bursts of multiple picoliter-sized drops on top of a larger crystal-containing drop inducing turbulent mixing and transports the mixture to the X-ray interaction region with temporal resolution. We demonstrate mixing using fluorescent dyes, numerical simulations and time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, which show rapid ligand diffusion through microdroplets. The drop-on-drop method has the potential to be widely applicable to serial crystallography studies, particularly of enzyme reactions with small molecule substrates.

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