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Arsenic trioxide induces regulatory functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells through interferon-α inhibition
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International audience. Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3) is recently found to have therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a life-threatening multi-system fibrosing autoimmune disease with type I inter-feron (IFN-I) signature. Chronically activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are responsible for IFN-I secretion and are closely related with fibrosis establishment in SSc. In this study, we showed that high concentrations of As 2 O 3 induced apoptosis of pDCs via mitochondrial pathway with increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio, while independent of reactive oxygen species generation. Notably, at clinical relevant concentrations, As 2 O 3 preferentially inhibited IFN-a secretion as compared to other cytokines such as TNF-a, probably due to potent down-regulation of the total protein and mRNA expression, as well as phosphorylation of the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). In addition, As 2 O 3 induced a suppressive phenotype, and in combination with cytokine inhibition, it down-regulated pDCs' capacity to induce CD4 þ T cell proliferation, Th1/Th22 polarization, and B cell differentiation towards plasmablasts. Moreover, chronically activated pDCs from SSc patients were not resistant to the selective IFN-a inhibition, and regulatory phenotype induced by As 2 O 3. Collectively, our data suggest that As 2 O 3 could target pDCs and exert its treatment efficacy in SSc, and more autoimmune disorders with IFN-I signature.
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